Bipolar glassy carbon electrochemical double-layer capacitor: 100,000 cycles demonstrated

Electrochemical and thermal activation of single glassy carbon electrodes w as investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cycl ic voltammetry. Activation conditions were varied to study the influence on the capacitance and the frequency response of the capacitance. Double-side d thermally activated glassy carbon electrodes were used as bipolar electro des ina 5 V/5 cell capacitor stack. More than 100,000 complete constant cur rent charging/discharging cycles were performed with negligible deteriorati on of the internal resistance and the capacitance.