Particulate penetration into solid droplets

A new formulation was developed in the present study to predict the particu late penetration behavior into solid droplets, with the effect of the dropl et temperature and the particulate velocity on the droplet hardness incorpo rated. It was shown that the penetration depth is proportional to the parti culate size. The generic formulation was applied to Al/graphite, Al/SiC, Al /Al2O3, and Al/TiB2 systems. As the droplet temperature increases from room temperature to 897 K, the penetration capability of a particulate may incr ease by a factor of 4 to 6. The results calculated using the formulation de veloped herein were compared with those predicted by a model that takes the droplet hardness as the room temperature static hardness, which are implic it in previous studies. It was found that taking the droplet hardness as th e room temperature static hardness generally underestimates the penetration depth, leading to erroneous interpretation of experimental observations.