We investigate the process of weak and strong Anderson-localization of ultr
a-cold neutron (UCN) matter-waves in disordered mesoscopic systems. Contrar
y to the case of photon localization, in the approximation of independent s
cattering processes of ultracold neutrons, there is always a regime where t
he transport mean free path necessarily meets the Joffe-Regel criterion. Ho
wever, this is not necessarily the case if multiple coherent scattering eff
ects are taken into account. We report on a first experimental study and di
scuss the relevance of UCN localization to T-violation searches. (C) 2000 E
lsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.