T. Morita et al., Risk factors for death rattle in terminally ill cancer patients: a prospective exploratory study, PALLIAT MED, 14(1), 2000, pp. 19-23
Death rattle is frequently observed in cancer patients whose death is impen
ding and may contribute to the severe distress of patients and their family
members. To identify risk factors for development and persistency of death
rattle, a prospective study was performed on 245 hospice inpatients.
One-hu nd red-and-seven patients (44%) developed death rattle, 71% of whom
achieved satisfactory symptom palliation until death. A multiple regression
analysis identified neoplasms of brain and lung as independent risk factor
s for development of death rattle, while refractory symptoms were significa
ntly associated with pulmonary neoplasms and infection/oedema.
In conclusion, development of death rattle was influenced by both brain and
lung malignancies, while its persistency was mainly determined by pulmonar
y pathology. A clinical classification of death rattle based on these facto
rs would be established by a further confirmatory study.