Many authors have suggested that chronic pain syndromes are psychosocial in
origin; maladaptive behaviours favoured by psychosocial and political fact
ors. Sometimes this may be true, but neither the individual patients nor th
e accumulated scientific evidence deserve such a routine dismissal. In this
editorial I will review issues of responsibility, the nature of referred p
ain and referred tenderness, evidence for the value of tender point examina
tion as an objective measure, techniques of assessment of the cervical spin
e, techniques of assessment of pain behaviour, and the determinants of the
specific symptom patterns associated with cervical injury.