We evaluated the effects of season and reproductive status on body fat and
body protein masses of free-ranging female barren-ground caribou (Rangifer
tarandus granti). Body fat mass fluctuated markedly during the year (by a f
actor of at least 2) in both reproductive classes, but whereas maximum fatn
ess occurred in autumn (September-November) in nonbreeding females, it did
not occur until late winter (March-April) in breeding females. Seasonal cha
nges in dry body protein mass were relatively modest, with annual maxima av
eraging only 31-43% higher than annual minima. Moreover, seasonal differenc
es between the reproductive classes were not significant except in November
-December. Absolute fat deposition by both breeding and nonbreeding females
was highest in summer, though fat deposition increased relative to protein
deposition in autumn. Between June and September, the primary deposition o
f body protein in breeding females contrasted with the primary deposition o
f body fat in nonbreeding females. As a result, breeding females were highl
y compromised in their fat deposition but not in their protein deposition,
which approximated levels in nonlactating females. Differences in body comp
osition between breeding and nonbreeding females were highest in autumn and
lowest in early spring because of divergence in summer and convergence in
winter.