Finite-element calculation of Meissner currents in multiply connected superconductors

A three-dimensional (3D) finite-element formulation for calculating Meissne r currents in multiply connected superconductors is presented. The fluxoid quantization condition is ensured as simply as possible. The problem is for mulated so that we have to solve two systems of equations by the use of a c onjugate gradient algorithm without preconditioning, Meissner currents and magnetic-flux density are numerically evaluated in a superconducting tube a nd around a vortex. These results are compared with analytical solutions.