Killing of intracellular Penicillium marneffei conidia is demonstrated in g
amma interferon-lipopolysaccharide-activated human THP1 and mouse J774 cell
s. Iron overload significantly reduces the antifungal activity of macrophag
es. Likewise, exogenous iron enhances and iron chelators inhibit the extrac
ellular growth of P. marneffei. These results suggest that iron availabilit
y critically affects immunity to and the pathogenicity of P. marneffei.