DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS OF LITHIUM IONS DURING INTERCALATION INTO GRAPHITE DERIVED FROM THE SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING OF ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE AND POTENTIOSTATIC INTERMITTENT TITRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THIN GRAPHITE-ELECTRODES
Md. Levi et D. Aurbach, DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS OF LITHIUM IONS DURING INTERCALATION INTO GRAPHITE DERIVED FROM THE SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING OF ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE AND POTENTIOSTATIC INTERMITTENT TITRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THIN GRAPHITE-ELECTRODES, JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B, 101(23), 1997, pp. 4641-4647
The solid state diffusion of Lithium into graphite during electrochemi
cal intercalation processes was investigated using potentiostatic inte
rmittent titration (PITT) and impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The diffus
ion coefficient (D) as a function of the intercalation level (X) and t
he electrode potential (E) was calculated on the basis of both methods
and gave similar results. The D vs X or E plots were found to be nonm
onotonous, with three pronounced minima at the same potentials in whic
h the cyclic voltammetry of these systems shows the peaks related to t
he phase transition between the Lithium-graphite intercalation stages.
It was found that the critical diffusion length for these electrodes
relates to the graphite particles' dimensions along their basal planes
and not to the electrode thickness. The reason for the peaklike depen
dence of the D on X and E is discussed in light of the nature of the i
ntercalation processes.