Effect of drought on sorbitol and sucrose metabolism in sinks and sources of peach

In peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch.), sorbitol and sucrose are the two ma in forms of photosynthetic and translocated carbon and may have different f unctions depending on the organ of utilization and its developmental stage. The role and interaction of sorbitol and sucrose metabolism was studied in mature leaves (source) and shoot tips (sinks) of 'Nemaguard' peach under d rought stress, Plants were irrigated daily at rates of 100, 67, and 33%, of evapotranspiration (ET), The relative elongation rate (RER) of growing sho ots was measured daily. In mature leaves, water potential (psi(w)), osmotic potential (psi(s)), sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH, EC 1.1.1.20 0), and sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS, EC 2.4.1.14) activities were measu red weekly. Measurements of psi(s), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH, 1.1.1.14), sucrose synthase (SS, EC 2.4.1.13), acid invertase (AI, EC 3.2.1.26), and neutral invertase (NI, EC 3.2.1.27) activities were taken weekly in shoot t ips. Drought stress reduced RER and psi(w) of plants in proportion to water supply. Osmotic adjustment was detected by the second week of treatment in mature leaves and by the third week in shoot tips. Both SDH and S6PDH acti vities were reduced by drought stress within 4 days of treatment and positi vely correlated with overall psi(w) levels. However, only SDH activity was correlated with psi(s). Among the sucrose enzymes, only SS was affected by drought, being reduced after 3 weeks, Sorbitol accumulation in both mature leaves and shoot tips of stressed plants was observed starting from the sec ond week of treatment and reached up to 80% of total solutes involved in os motic adjustment. Sucrose content was up to 8-fold lower than sorbitol cont ent and accumulated only occasionally. We conclude that a loss of SDH activ ity in sinks leads to osmotic adjustment via sorbitol accumulation in peach . We propose an adaptive role of sorbitol metabolism versus a maintenance r ole of sucrose metabolism in peach under drought stress.