Chemical aspects related to the synthesis of a new family of advanced mater
ials, namely, chemically and structurally complicated high-temperature supe
rconducting cuprates are considered. The study of such superconductors made
it possible to solve a practically important task of revealing the <<compo
sition - treatment - structure - property>> correlations and greatly contri
buted to the development of chemical understanding of interactions in compl
icated oxide systems, high-temperature phase transformations, the nature of
peritectic reactions, properties of cuprate melts and structural phase tra
nsitions. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of diverse experimen
tal results obtained in the studies of the physico-chemical processes occur
ring in complex metal-oxide systems.