Ancient Greek and Roman philosophers/scientists art frequently quoted as ex
pressing an awareness of potential harm associated with drinking during pre
gnancy. However, the statements attributed to these authors were not made b
y them. Instead, they are interpretations, presented in the Form of verbati
m statements, of their views relating to procreation. Although they did hav
e something to say about the role of alcohol in procreation, it was the eff
ects of drinking on the male body at the time of conception, and especially
alcohol's effects on male body temperature, that concerned them. A cold bo
dy at the time of conception was believed to enhance the likelihood of conc
eiving a female, which to the Greeks and Romans was a 'deformity'.