Congenital deafness accounts for about 1 in 1000 infants and approximately
80% of cases are inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Recently, it ha
s been demonstrated that connexin 26 (GJS2) gene is a major gene for congen
ital sensorineural deafness. A single mutation (named 35delG) was found in
most recessive families and sporadic cases of congenital deafness, among Ca
ucasoids, with relative frequencies ranging from 28% to 63%. We present her
e the analysis of the 35delG mutation in 3270 random controls from 17 Europ
ean countries. We have detected a carrier frequency for 35delG of 1 in 35 i
n southern Europe and 1 in 79 in central and northern Europe. In addition,
35delG was detected in five out of 376Jewish subjects of different origin,
but was absent in other non-European populations. The study suggests either
a single origin for 35delG somewhere in Europe or in the Middle East, and
the possible presence of a carrier advantage together with a founder effect
. The 35delG carrier frequency of 1 in 51 in the overall European populatio
n clearly indicates that this genetic alteration is a major mutation for au
tosomal recessive deafness in Caucasoids. This finding should facilitate di
agnosis of congenital deafness and allow early treatment of the affected su
bjects.