An evaluation of historical methane emissions from the Soviet gas industry

An inventory of natural gas losses from the former Soviet Union's gas indus try has been constructed from published Russian-language sources. The resul ts imply that in the late 1980s/early 1990s annual losses from Russia were in the range 35-59 x 10(9) cubic meters (24-40 Tg of CH4): estimates based on what are thought to be the more reliable sources place annual losses in the range 37-52 x 10(9) cubic meters (25-35 Tg of CH4). Of this amount, one half to two thirds of the emissions may have been from the extremely long and ageing gas pipeline system. Extrapolation of the estimates for Russian losses to the whole territory of the former Soviet Union suggests a probabl e total annual emission level from the whole ex-Soviet gas industry in the range 47-67 x 10(9) cubic meters of natural gas or 31-45 Tg of CH4 in these years. The envelope of minimum and maximum estimates for emissions from th e former Soviet Union ranges from 29 to 50 Tg of methane. The limited avail ability of systematic and accurate published information on the emissions i ntroduces significant uncertainty into the estimate. In an attempt to const rain emissions better, estimates of losses from specific causes were made u sing two or more independent approaches, where possible. A reasonable agree ment between estimates was achieved in those cases. Our results imply that substantial reductions in emissions could be achieved by investment to redu ce losses. Because of the high global warming potential and short lifetime of methane compared to carbon dioxide, reducing the large losses from the F SU may be among the most cost-effective short-term approaches available to reduce global anthropogenic greenhouse warming.