Polyelectrolytes in poor solvents are expected to show a necklace structure
where collapsed polymer pearls are linked by stretched polymer strands. Th
is prediction by Kantor and Kardar worked out by Dobrynin Rubinstein and Ob
ukhov Macromol. 1996,29,2974 has mainly be confirmed by computer simulation
s of Dobrynin;Darinskii;Holm and Kremer. We study the unwinding of pearls u
nder an external force. Polyelectrolyte gels in poor solvents are then disc
ussed, mainly on the basis of single chain elasticity following Katchalsky.