Ligating clips for three-dimensional MR angiography at 1.5 T: In vitro evaluation

Artifact size on three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) angiograms and safety of various vascular clips (15 titanium and three absorbable poly dioxanone clips) were assessed. All evaluated clips were completely safe. B iodegradable clips rendered no artifacts; titanium clips were associated wi th susceptibility effects. Artifact size was dependent on clip size, clip o rientation, echo time, and degree of k-space coverage. In the presence of t itanium vascular clips, fast 3D MR angiography should be performed with the shortest echo time and full k-space coverage.