T. Patel et al., Efficacy and safety of ten day moxifloxacin 400 mg once daily in the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia, RESP MED, 94(2), 2000, pp. 97-105
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a common and serious illness wit
h approximately 2-4 million cases reported annually. Management of CAP is t
herapeutically challenging due to the increasing prevalence of penicillin-
and macrolide-resistant pneumococci and beta-lactamase producing Haemohphil
us influenzae, as well as the increased recognition of 'atypical' pathogens
, such as Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and the frequent
need for empiric therapy.
We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of moxifloxacin in the treatme
nt of patients with CAP. To do this we carried out a prospective, uncontrol
led, non-blind, Phase III clinical trial, in 27 U.S. centers. Patients incl
uded in the study were over 18 years of age with signs and symptoms of CAP
confirmed by evidence of a new or progressive infiltrate on chest radiograp
h. The intervention used was moxifloxacin 400 mg PO once daily for 10 days.
Sputum samples were collected pretherapy for Gram stain and culture for typ
ical organisms. Culture and serological testing for Chlamydia pneumoniae an
d Mycoplasma pneumoniae was also performed. Susceptibility to moxifloxacin
was determined by disk diffusion and MIG. Clinical and bacteriological resp
onses were determined at the end of therapy (0-6 days post-therapy), follow
-up (14-35 days post-therapy) and overall (end of therapy plus follow-up).
Analyses were performed on both valid for efficacy and intent-to-treat popu
lations. The primary efficacy variable was overall clinical resolution.
Of 254 patients enrolled in the Study, 196 patients were included in the ef
ficacy analyses. The majority of patients were male (58%) and Caucasian (85
%) with a mean age of 49 years (range: 18 to 85 years). Only 3% of patients
were hospitalized pretherapy. The most common pretherapy organisms identif
ied, by culture or serology, in the valid for efficacy population (i.e. 147
organisms among 116 patients), were: Chlamydia pneumoniae (n=63; 54%), Myc
oplasma pneumoniae (n=29; 25%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=14; 12%) and Ha
emophilus influenzae (n=13; 10%). End of therapy, follow-up and overall cli
nical resolution rates for the valid for efficacy population were 94%, 93%
and 93%, respectively. The 95% CT for the overall clinical resolution rate
was 88.1%, 95.9%. The overall bacteriological response for patients diagnos
ed by culture or serological criteria, was 91% (95% Cl=84%, 96%). For patie
nts who only met serological criteria for infection, the overall bacteriolo
gical response was 94% (60/64). Bacterial response rates for the four most
commonly isolated pathogens were: 89% (56/63) for C. pneumoniae, 93% (27/29
) for M. pneumoniae, 93% (13/14) for S. pneumoniae and 85% (11/13) for H, i
nfluenzae. Drug-related adverse events were reported in 33% (85/254) of mox
ifloxacin-treated patients. Nausea (9%), diarrhea (6%) and dizziness (4%) w
ere the most commonly reported adverse events.
Atypical organisms were isolated in high frequency among patients with CAP.
Moxifloxacin 400 mg once daily for 10 days was effective and well-tolerate
d in the treatment of these adult patients with CAP. Moxifloxacin offers an
effective treatment alternative for CAP due to both typical and atypical b
acterial pathogens.