The biscalix[4]arene was synthesized by connecting the upper rims with two
spacers. The inclusion ability and the selectivity for various quaternary a
mmonium ions were enhanced due to the cooperative action of the cation-pi i
nteraction in the two bowl-shaped calix[4]arenes. The very slow dynamic pro
cess during complexation and decomplexation and the separation of the catio
nic guest and the counter anion were caused by encapsulation of the biscali
x[4]arene. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.