An approach to cognitive assessment of problem-solving in complex computer-
based tutorial environments is described. The approach is based on studies
of expert tutoring and students' performance in natural tutoring situations
in specific domains such as engineering and statistics. A model of expert
tutors' knowledge in a domain of applied statistics was developed and used
as a basis for a web-based computer coach that emulates human tutoring. Cog
nitive assessments are obtained from records of students' actions as they l
earn to apply particular components of the procedural knowledge required to
solve problems in the domain with the help of the computer tutor. Learning
is evaluated by studying changes in these records of performance as studen
ts practice successive problem exercises. These assessments can then be use
d subsequently to predict students' unassisted performance in solving post-
instruction transfer problems.