Treatment of dyslipidaemias in patients with established vascular disease:A revival of the fibrates

The key 'statin trials' focussed on the beneficial effect of lowering the c irculating concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL). How ever, epidemiological surveys, mainly based on healthy populations, indicat e that other lipid-related variables, such as high-density cholesterol (HDL ), triglycerides (TG), dense LDL subfraction distribution, and possibly lip oprotein (a) (Lp(a)), are also predictors of vascular events. Furthermore, TG and HDL levels influenced outcome within some of the statin trials. Plas ma fibrinogen levels have also been shown to be powerful predictors of vasc ular risk in healthy subjects and patients with established ischaemic heart disease. The fibrates exert beneficial effects on all these variables that predict vascular events. The results from recent trials, the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) study and the Veterans Administration HDL Intervention Trial (VA-HIT) have revived our interest in fibrates. These trials involved bezafibrate and ge mfibrozil that have a relatively poor LDL-lowering capacity. Therefore, the benefits reported in BIP and VA-HIT must be attributed to actions on varia bles other than a reduction in LDL quantity. Ciprofibrate and fenofibrate have significantly greater LDL-lowering capaci ty than bezafibrate or gemfibrozil. This advantage may render them more eff ective, especially since they retain the additional beneficial actions asso ciated with this class of lipid-lowering drugs.