OBJECTIVE - To investigate the effect of intravenous insulin therapy combin
ed with nicotinamide in the metabolic control and beta-cell function of new
ly diagnosed type 1 diabetic subjects in comparison with intensive insulin
therapy and nicotinamide alone.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - A total of 34 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic
patients were included. After the correction of initial metabolic disturba
nces, subjects were randomly assigned to the following three groups within
72 h after admission: I) intensive insulin therapy + placebo (C) (n = 12);
2) intensive insulin therapy + nicotinamide, 700 mg three times a day (NIC)
(n = 11); and 3) 72-h intravenous insulin followed by intensive insulin th
erapy + nicotinamide, 700 mg three times a da) (NIV) (n = II). The subjects
were monitored for 12 months. GAD, tyrosine phosphatase antibodies, and in
sulin autoantibodies were measured. C-peptide was measured basally and afte
r 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min of 1 mg intravenous glucagon. HbA(1c), glucagon, a
nd antibody measurements were determined initially and at 1,3, 6, 9, and 12
months.
RESULTS - HbA(1c) values declined to normal after treatment was initiated i
n all groups and remained not significantly different during the follow-up
period. We did not End differences between experimental (NIC and NIV) and p
lacebo (C) groups in terms of beta-cell function, considering basal or gluc
agon-stimulated C-peptide (maximal stimulated C-peptide and area under the
curve [AUC] of C-peptide) values during the follow-up period. After por,lin
g data From the NIC and NIV groups (both including nicotinamide) and compar
ing it with data from the C group, the results remained unchanged. At diagn
osis, GAD positivity) was observed in 10 of 12, 8 of Il, and 10 of 11 subje
cts (NS) in the C, NIC, and NIV groups, respectively and 1A2 positivity was
observed in 3 of 12, 4 of 11. and 4 of 11 subjects (NS) in the C, NIC, and
NIV groups, respectively. Antibody titers displayed a similar behavior in
all groups during the follow-up period.
CONCLUSIONS - Our pilot study failed to demonstrate that the addition of 72
-h intravenous insulin and nicotinamide to conventional intensive insulin t
herapy produces any beneficial effect in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic su
bjects in terms of beta-cell function and metabolic control.