Conopeptides: From deadly venoms to novel therapeutics

Marine cone snails have developed many distinct venoms that contain biologi cally active peptides as part of an envenomation survival strategy for feed ing and defense. These peptides, known as conopeptides, have been optimized through evolution to target specific ion channels and receptors with very high affinities and selectivities. Side effects of currently available ther apies often arise from their lack of selectivity between pharmacologically relevant. targets and targets that have a similar structure but different f unction. As conopeptides can be highly selective between closely related re ceptor subtypes, they could meet specific therapeutic needs with a reduced likelihood of side effects.