THE HIGHLY REARRANGED CHLOROPLAST GENOME OF TRACHELIUM CAERULEUM (CAMPANULACEAE) - MULTIPLE INVERSIONS, INVERTED REPEAT EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION, TRANSPOSITION, INSERTIONS DELETIONS, AND SEVERAL REPEAT FAMILIES/
Me. Cosner et al., THE HIGHLY REARRANGED CHLOROPLAST GENOME OF TRACHELIUM CAERULEUM (CAMPANULACEAE) - MULTIPLE INVERSIONS, INVERTED REPEAT EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION, TRANSPOSITION, INSERTIONS DELETIONS, AND SEVERAL REPEAT FAMILIES/, Current genetics, 31(5), 1997, pp. 419-429
Comprehensive gene mapping reveals that the chloroplast genome of Trac
helium caeruleum is highly rearranged relative to those of other land
plants. Evolutionary scenarios that consist of seven to ten inversions
, one or two transpositions, both expansion and contraction of the typ
ically size-conserved inverted repeat, a presumed gene loss, deletions
within two large open reading frames and several insertions, are suff
icient to derive the Trachelium arrangement from the ancestral angiosp
erm chloroplast DNA arrangement. Two of the rearrangements disrupt tra
nscriptional units that are otherwise conserved among land plants. At
least five families of small dispersed repeats exist in the Trachelium
chloroplast genome. Most of the repeats are associated with inversion
endpoints and may have facilitated inversions through recombination a
cross homologous repeats.