Low-Reynolds number k-(epsilon)over-tilde modelling of flows with transpiration

An improved low-Reynolds number k-epsilon model was adopted to predict the dynamic and thermal fields in flows with transpiration. The performance of the adopted model was first contrasted with the direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of channel flow with uniform wall injection and suction. The va lidity of the present model applied to flows with a high level of transpira tion was further examined. To explore the model's performance in complex en vironments, the model was applied to simulate a transpired developing chann el flow. By contrasting the predictions with DNS data and measurements, the results indicated that the present model reproduced correctly the decelera tion and acceleration of the flow caused by the injection and suction from the permeable part of the wall. The turbulence structure of transpired flow s was also well captured and the superior performance of the adopted model was reflected by the predicted correct level of epsilon with the maximum be ing located at both the injection and the suction walls. The predicted ther mal Weld by the present model also compared favourably with the DNS data an d measurements. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.