Existing gold recovery processes available to the small-scale gold mining s
ector pose a considerable hazard to the environment, due to the use of leth
al chemicals such as mercury and cyanide. A gold recovery method, called th
e coal gold agglomeration (CGA) process, whereby hydrophobic gold particles
are recovered from ore slurries into coal-oil agglomerates, and the subseq
uent burning of these agglomerates to recover the gold, was developed some
years ago.
The objective of this study was to optimise the separation phase of the CGA
process through a flotation technique. It was also necessary to compare th
e gold recovery of the CGA process to that of the mercury amalgamation proc
ess, to determine the feasibility of implementing the CGA process as an alt
ernative to the mercury amalgamation process.
Batch tests were performed on a synthetic (7g/t) gold ore containing a fine
(+/- 44 mu m) gold powder Agitating an industrial charcoal and oil in an a
queous suspension formed agglomerates. After a suitable agglomeration time
the ore slurry and a collector such as potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) was ad
ded and stirring continued for fifty minutes before the separation was effe
cted The gold-loaded agglomerates and residue ore were then dried ashen and
treated with aqua regia and analysed. During the experimental program, the
process was scaled up from 150 milliliters (using magnetic stirrers and sc
raping;) to a one-liter flotation cell, and eventually, to a three-liter fl
otation cell.
It was found that for both flotation configurations an increase in the stir
ring rate results in ail increase in the gold and mass recoveries. Maximum
gold recoveries were however obtained at a certain stirring rate above whic
h the gold recovery dropped again. Increasing the viscosity, of the oil cau
sed the formation of stronger agglomerates and hence gold recovery was also
increased The use of larger coal particles gave rise to higher gold recove
ries due to increased agglomerate flotation and superior gold particle pene
tration into the agglomerates. Recycling of the agglomerate phase showed th
at gold loading on the agglomerates could be increased to reduce operating
cost. (C) 2000 published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.