Life course accumulation of disadvantage: childhood health and hazard exposure during adulthood

The present paper examines the association between physical and social disa dvantage during childhood and lifetime exposure to health-damaging environm ents. Study members were participants of Boyd Orr's clinical, social and di etary survey conducted between 1937 and 1939 and were aged between 5 and 14 years at clinical examination, Study participants were traced and between 1997 and 1998 a random sample of 294 were interviewed. The lifegrid intervi ew method was used to collect full occupational, residential and household histories, from which accumulated lifetime exposures to a range of environm ental hazards were estimated. Age-adjusted height during childhood was found to be inversely related to s ubsequent exposure to all hazards combined (males p = 0.002: females p = 0. 001). This relationship was found in males with manual fathers (p = 0.044) and females with non-manual fathers (p = 0.035). Chronic disease during chi ldhood was also associated with greater subsequent hazard exposure in males with manual fathers (p = 0.008), Among females with non-manual fathers, in contrast, chronic disease during childhood was associated with reduced sub sequent hazard exposure (p = 0.05). These findings suggest that exposure to health-damaging environments during adulthood may accumulate on top of hea lth disadvantage during childhood and that this process of life course accu mulation of disadvantage may vary by gender and childhood social class. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.