New information on the vocalizations and behavior of populations of the Pal
e-tipped Tyrannulet (Inezia subflava), along with analysis of biometric and
plumage characters, reveal that it actually consists of two species-level
groups: a northern/Guianan group, the member taxa of which are weakly diffe
rentiated from one another; and a group whose distribution is primarily Ama
zonian, the member taxa of which are morphologically distinct but vocally a
nd behaviorally similar to one another. The two groups differ from one anot
her in several vocal, plumage, and biometric characters. Tape playback expe
riments suggest that the vocal differences alone present effective mechanis
ms for reproductive isolation between the two groups. Analysis of vocalizat
ions further suggests a possible link between the Amazonian representatives
of Inezia subflava and the Yellow Tyrannulet (Capsiempis flaveola).