Physicians' ethical beliefs about cost-control arrangements

Background: Although much has been written about the ethics of new methods of health care financing, little is known about the extent to which physici ans experience these cost-control arrangements as ethical problems. Method: A cross-sectional telephone survey of 1549 physicians, 8 to 17 year after residency, randomly selected from 75 US metropolitan service areas ( response rate, 74.0%). Results: Only 17.0% believed that financial incentives to limit services ar e ethically acceptable. Although 52.9% thought that physicians should try t o abide by guidelines discouraging the use of interventions with possible b ut unproven benefit, only 14.5% thought such guidelines should be enforced by payers. Only 5.7% thought that it was morally acceptable for payers to d iscourage physicians from telling patients about their personal financial i ncentives, and only 9.1% found compliance with such restrictions morally ac ceptable. Changes in the health care system in the past 5 years were believ ed to have had a negative impact on their own patients' trust in them by 50 .6%, and 80.8% believed that changes in the health care system in the past decade have diminished physicians' commitment to an ethic of undivided loya lty to patients. In multiple regression analysis, physicians who reported t hat the overall personal financial incentives in their practices encouraged them to reduce services were significantly more likely to have ethical obj ections to such incentives, to believe their own patients' trust in them ha d diminished, and to believe that the ethic of undivided loyalty to patient s had diminished. Conclusions: Many of the methods now commonly used to influence medical dec ision making are considered ethically objectionable by most midcareer physi cians. Whether their ethical disquiet about these arrangements is justified cannot be answered from these data.