Modern x-ray fluorescence instruments are highly sophisticated analyti
cal tools. However, the interpretation software available with such in
struments generally provides for little more than a computerized look-
up table with reliance on operator experience to provide plausible ide
ntification of spectral features, The system described (AXIS) overcome
s some frequently encountered problems by appropriate application of h
euristic interpretation (expert system), fuzzy logic and pattern recog
nition, Spectral noise and instrumental inaccuracies are handled by ge
neration and propagation of uncertainty using fuzzy logic algorithms,
and fuzzy c-means pattern recognition furnishes the system with the ab
ility to develop background knowledge from previously recorded similar
spectra. The analytical results are presented graphically in the form
of a hierarchical data tree, and the software can form the basis of a
fully automated XRF interpretation system. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & S
ons, Ltd.