Egg-laying behavior in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans involves fluctua
tion between alternative behavioral states: an inactive state, during which
eggs are retained in the uterus, and an active state, during which eggs ar
e laid in bursts. We have found that the flp-1 gene, which encodes a group
of structurally related neuropeptides, functions specifically to promote th
e switch from the inactive to the active egg-laying state. Recessive mutati
ons in flp-1 caused a significant increase in the duration of the inactive
phase, Vet egg-laying within the active phase was normal. This pattern rese
mbled that previously observed in mutants defective in the biosynthesis of
serotonin, a neuromodulator implicated in induction of the active phase. Al
though flp-1 mutants were sensitive to stimulation of egg-laying by seroton
in, the magnitude of their serotonin response was abnormally low. Thus, the
flp-1-encoded peptides and serotonin function most likely function in conc
ert to facilitate the onset of the active egg-laying phase. Interestingly,
we observed that flp-1 is necessary for animals to down-regulate their rate
of egg-laying in the absence of food. Because flp-1 is known to be express
ed in interneurons that are postsynaptic to a variety of chemosensory cells
, the FLP-1 peptides may function to regulate the activity of the egg-layin
g circuitry in response to sensory cues.