Carrying passengers as a risk factor for crashes fatal to 16-and 17-year-old drivers

Context Injuries from motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among teenagers. Carrying passengers has been identified as a possible risk factor for these crashes. Objective To determine whether the presence of passengers is associated wit h an increased risk of crashes fatal to 16- and 17-year-old drivers and whe ther the risk varies by time of day and age and sex of drivers and passenge rs. Design and Setting Incidence study of data from the Fatality Analysis Repor ting System and General Estimates System (1992-1997), as well as the Nation wide Personal Transportation Survey (1995). Subjects Driver; aged 16 and 17 years who drove passenger cars, vans, or pi ckup trucks. Main Outcome Measure Driver deaths per 20 million trips by number of passen gers, driver age and sex, and time of day; and driver deaths per 1000 crash es by passenger age and sex. Results Compared with drivers of the same age without passengers, the relat ive risk of death per 10 million trips was 1.39 (95% confidence interval [C I], 1.24-1.55) for 16-year-old drivers with 1 passenger, 1.86 (95% CI, 1.56 -2.20) for those with 2 passengers, and 2.82 (95% CI, 2.27-3.50) for those with 3 or more passengers. The relative risk of death was 1.48 (95% CI, 1.3 5-1.62) for 17-year-old drivers with 1 passenger, 2.58 (95% CI, 2.24-2.95) for those with 2 passengers, and 3.07 (95% CI, 2.50-3.77) for those with 3 or more passengers. The risk of death increased significantly for drivers t ransporting passengers irrespective of the time of day or sex of the driver , although male drivers were at greater risk. Driver deaths per 1000 crashe s increased for 16- and 17-year-olds transporting male passengers or passen gers younger than 30 years. Conclusion Our data indicate that the risk of fatal injury for a 16- or 17- year-old driver increases with the number of passengers. This result suppor ts inclusion of restrictions on carrying passengers in graduated licensing systems for young drivers.