A dual role for Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase (SHIP) in immunity: Aberrant development and enhanced function of B lymphocytes in SHIP-/- mice

In this report, we demonstrate that the Src homology 2 domain-containing in ositol-5-phosphatase (SHIP) plays a critical role in regulating bath B cell development and responsiveness to antigen stimulation. SHIP-/- Nice exhibi t a transplantable alteration in B lymphoid development that results in red uced numbers of precursor a (fraction C) and immature B cells in the bone m arrow. In vitro, purified SHIP-/- B cells exhibit enhanced proliferation in response to B cell receptor stimulation in both the presence and absence o f Fc gamma receptor IIB coligation. This enhancement is associated with inc reased phosphorylation of both mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt, as well as with increased survival and cell cycling. SHIP-/- mice manifest el evated serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels and an exaggerated IgG response to the T cell-independent type 2 antigen trinitrophenyl Ficoll. However, only altered B cell development was apparent upon transplantation into nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice. The in vitro hype rresponsiveness, together with the in vivo findings, suggests that SHIP reg ulates B lymphoid development and antigen responsiveness by both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms.