INFLUENCE OF THE PREPARATIVE METHOD ON THE ACTIVITY OF HIGHLY ACIDIC WOX ZRO2 AND THE RELATIVE ACID ACTIVITY COMPARED WITH ZEOLITES/

The acid activity of the solid tungsten/zirconia can be affected by th e catalyst preparation method. Reflux of the hydrous zirconia prior to tungsten impregnation gives a catalyst with higher surface area than the nonrefluxed material, 62 vs 32 m(2)/g, but with the same strong ac id site density, as determined by n-pentane isomerization activity. It is also shown that the simultaneous coprecipitation of tungsten with the formation of hydrous zirconia yields a catalyst with about two tim es the strong acid site density of WOx/ZrO2 catalysts prepared by impr egnation. Catalytic titration experiments using 2,6-dimethylpyridine r eveal a distribution of strength of Bronsted acid sites, with a strong acid site density responsible for pentane isomerization activity of t hese materials of approximately 0.002 meg H+/g catalyst for materials prepared by impregnation versus 0.004 meg H+/g catalyst for catalysts prepared by coprecipitation. These strongly acidic sites are estimated to be about four orders of magnitude more active for pentane isomeriz ation than the sites present in zeolite beta. XPS of chemisorbed 2,6-d imethylpyridine and pyridine on the WOx/ZrO2 prepared by coprecipitati on also indicates the presence of strong and weak Bronsted sites and L ewis acid sites. Weak Bronsted acid sites are predominant on the surfa ce of the catalyst. The concentration of the different acid sites, as determined by XPS, is 0.013 meg Lewis acid sites/g catalyst, 0.011 meq strong Bronsted sites and 0.043 meg weak Bronsted sites. Further expe rimental work combining various characterization techniques with kinet ic studies is needed to elucidate whether the Lewis acid sites play an y role in the remarkable catalytic activity exhibited by these materia ls. The acid activity of WOx/ZrO2 catalysts has a strong dependence on the tungsten loading. The acid activity, as measured by n-pentane iso merization activity, passes through a maximum at approximately 16 wt% W loading. This amount represents about two monolayers coverage, assum ing tungstate oxyanions, WO4= on the surface of zirconia and is equiva lent to the optimum atomic level of SO4= needed for high acid activity suggesting that the site configuration may also be similar. (C) 1997 Academic Press.