Mm. Wu et al., Hydrothermal synthesis of tetragonal barium titanate from barium hydroxideand titanium dioxide under moderate conditions, J AM CERAM, 82(11), 1999, pp. 3254-3256
Tetragonal BaTiO3 powders were prepared hydrothermally, using Ba(OH)(2). 8H
(2)O and TiO2 (anatase), in the absence of anions such as chloride ions, at
a temperature of 220 degrees C for several days. Characterization via X-ra
y diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning c
alorimetry confirmed that increasing the Ba:Ti molar ratios (from 1:1 to 4:
1) and alkaline concentrations (from 1.0M to 3.0M) promotes the formation o
f tetragonal BaTiO3.