Grace according to Augustine - Augustinian answers to adversarial questions and objections regarding teachings on salvific grace

This article intends to set forth Augustine's teaching on grace, not in a s ystematic and attemporal way, as it is usually done, but with precise refer ences to Augustine's successive answers to the questions and objections of his adversaries: Celestius, Pelagius, Julian, Cassian and the semi-pelagian monks. Augustine and his adversaries start with a very concrete idea of gr ace, as it stems from Scripture and from experience. But already then, and ever since, grace turns into an abstract and systematic question, severed f rom its vital sources, until it becomes the object of later quarrels around Jansenism.