Genetic structure and gene flow among Komodo dragon populations inferred by microsatellite loci analysis

A general concern for the conservation of endangered species is the mainten ance of genetic variation within populations, particularly when they become isolated and reduced in size. Estimates of gene now and effective populati on size are therefore important for any conservation initiative directed to the long-term persistence of a species in its natural habitat. In the pres ent study, 10 microsatellite loci were used to assess the level of genetic variability among populations of the Komodo dragon Vavanus komodoensis. Eff ective population size was calculated and gene now estimates were compared with palaeogeographic data in order to assess the degree of vulnerability o f four island populations. Rinca and Flores, currently separated by an isth mus of about 200 m, retained a high level of genetic diversity and showed a high degree of genetic similarity, with gene now values close to one migra nt per generation. The island of Komodo showed by far the highest levels of genetic divergence, and its allelic distinctiveness was considered of grea t importance in the maintenance of genetic variability within the species. A lack of distinct alleles and low levels of gene flow and genetic variabil ity were found for the small population of Gill Motang island, which was id entified as vulnerable to stochastic threats. Our results are potentially i mportant for both the short- and long-term management of the Komodo dragon, and are critical in View of future re-introduction or augmentation in area s where the species is now extinct or depleted.