K. Beppu et I. Kataoka, Artificial shading reduces the occurrence of double pistils in 'Satohnishiki' sweet cherry, SCI HORT A, 83(3-4), 2000, pp. 241-247
The effect of artificial shading in summer and early autumn on the occurren
ce of double pistils in 'Satohnishiki' sweet cherry was studied. Potted tre
es were grown in steel frame structures covered with woven shade cloth made
of silvered polyethylene and providing 53% and 78% light reduction, from 2
3rd July to 4th October in 1995 and from 16th July to 16th September in 199
7. In 1995, shading levels of 53% and 78% reduced the daily maximum air tem
perature by 1.8 degrees C and 3.2 degrees C, respectively, compared to the
unshaded control. Forty-seven percent of the buds on nonshaded trees formed
double pistil primordia, and 51% of them developed into flowers with doubl
e pistils the following spring. Reducing light 78% reduced the frequency of
double pistils to 24% in buds and 1.5% at anthesis. whereas 53% shade redu
ced the frequency of double pistils only slightly. Doubling was classified
into three groups based upon relative length of the two pistils: (1) one pi
stil much shorter than the other (S), (2) one pistil about half the length
of the other (M), and (3) pistils of approximately equal length (L). The fr
equency of flower primordia with equally developed pistils in autumn buds c
orresponded to that of flowers with double pistils at anthesis. A 78% level
of shading markedly reduced the rate of flower primordia with two equally
developed pistils. Because of the relatively cool summer in 1997, the frequ
ency of double pistils in autumn buds, even under unshaded conditions, was
about half of that in 1995, but shadings still reduced the frequency of dou
ble pistils to less than 3%. These results suggest the possibility of apply
ing artificial shading to reduce the occurrence of double pistils in 'Satoh
nishiki' sweet cherry grown in regions with hot summers. (C) 2000 Elsevier
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