Phylogenetic systematics of the tribe Millettieae (Leguminosae) based on chloroplast trnK/matK sequences and its implications for evolutionary patterns in Papilionoideae

Phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Millettieae and allies in the subfa mily Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) were reconstructed from chloroplast trnK/ matK sequences. Sixty-two accessions representing 57 traditionally recogniz ed genera of Papilionoideae were sampled, including 27 samples from Millett ieae. Phylogenies were constructed using maximum parsimony and are well res olved and supported by high bootstrap values. A well-supported "core Millet tieae" clade is recognized, comprising the four large genera Millettia. Lon chocarpus. Derris, and Tephrosia. Several other small genera of Millettieae are not in the core Millettieae clade. Platycyamus is grouped with Phaseol eae (in part). Ostryocarpus, Austrosteenisia, and Dalbergiella are neither in the core Millettieae or Phaseoleae dade. These taxa, along with core Mil lettieae and Phaseoleae, form a monophyletic sister group to Indigofereae. Cyclolobium and Poecilanthe are close to Brongniartieae. Callerya and Wiste ria belong to a Large clade that includes all the legumes that lack the inv erted repeat in their chloroplast genome, which confirms previous rbcL and phytochrome gene family phylogenies. The evolutionary history of four chara cters was examined in Millettieae and allies: the presence of canavanine, i nflorescence types, the dehiscence of pods, and the presence of winged pods . trnK/matK sequence analysis suggests that the presence of a pseudoraceme or pseudopanicle and the accumulation of nonprotein amino acids are phyloge netically informative for Millettieae and allies with only a few exceptions .