Scanning tunneling microscopy has been developed, among other applicat
ions, into a powerful surface structural tool. Over time, it has becom
e more apparent that theoretical modeling of the STM image is often ne
cessary to reliably extract atomic positions. We here review recent ad
vances in this direction and illustrate with several examples that geo
metrical information is mixed not only with electronic structure infor
mation and corresponding tip properties, but also with tunneling effec
ts like interference between multiple tunneling channels.