Compartmentalization of kinases and phosphatases is a key determinant in th
e specificity of second messenger mediated signaling events. Localization o
f the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and other signaling enzymes is me
diated by interaction with A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). In the past
year there have been many advances in our understanding of AKAPs, particul
arly in the field of the functional consequences of PKA anchoring.