M. Ortsiefer et al., Room-temperature operation of index-guided 1.55 mu m InP-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, ELECTR LETT, 36(5), 2000, pp. 437-439
A novel concept for long-wavelength InP-based vertical cavity lasers (VCSEL
s) with a buried tunnel junction enables effective electrical and optical c
onfinement and yields low series resistance. VCSELs with aperture diameters
of 13 mu m exhibit threshold currents of 10mA, singlemode emission, a quan
tum efficiency of 10% and a threshold voltage of only 1.2V.