The extraction of model parameters for embedded passive components is cruci
al for designing and characterizing the performance of multichip module (MC
M) substrates, In this paper, a method for optimizing the extraction of the
se parameters using genetic algorithms is presented. The results of this me
thod are compared with optimization using the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algo
rithm used in the HSPICE circuit modeling tool A set of integrated resistor
structures are fabricated, and their scattering parameters are measured fo
r a range of frequencies from 45 MHz to 5 GHz Optimal equivalent circuit mo
dels for these structures are derived from the s-parameter measurements usi
ng each algorithm. Predicted s-parameters for the optimized equivalent circ
uit are then obtained from HSPICE. The difference between the measured and
predicted s-parameters in the frequency range of interest is used as a meas
ure of the accuracy of the two optimization algorithms. It is determined th
at the LM method is extremely dependent upon the initial starting point of
the parameter search and is thus prone to become trapped in local minima Th
is drawback is alleviated and the accuracy of the parameter values obtained
is improved using genetic algorithms.