Pre-eruptive volatile contents of Vesuvius magmas: constraints on eruptivehistory and behavior. I - The medieval and modern interplinian activities

The eruptive history of Mt. Vesuvius is characterized by a large variation in eruptive styles during the last 2000 years. As part of an extensive inve stigation on the pre-eruptive magma geochemistry, we have analyzed, by EMPA and SIMS, silicate melt inclusions (MI), hosted in clinopyroxene phenocrys ts, to gain insight into the eruptive processes and history of this signifi cant magmatic system. The rock samples analyzed are lavas and scoriae erupted during two interval s of interplinian volcanic activity: 472 to 1139 A.D. and 1631 to 1944 A.D. The compositions of MI from samples of the modem and medieval periods are consistent with petrological and geochemical evidence of melt evolution via fractional crystallization. Although fractional crystallization played a d ecisive role in the evolution of medieval and modem magmas, other processes may also have been active. In MI from the medieval eruptive products, the fixed Cl contents, and relationships involving other elements soluble in aq ueous volatile phases (e.g. H2O, S, B, Be, Li) indicate crystallization of magmatic vapor-phase-saturated silicate melt(s). Conversely, MI from the mo dem eruptive activity are characterized by linear increases in the abundanc es of Cl, SO2, and K2O in fractions of residual melt. Furthermore, no evide nce was found that volatile abundances were fixed or buffered by the presen ce of an aqueous vapor (or liquid), which is consistent with fractional cry stallization of a magma under volatile-phase-absent conditions. The modern and medieval periods, separated by the violent 1631 eruption, ex hibit dramatically different eruptive behavior. The medieval magmas erupted less often, but with comparatively greater violence, which may have been f acilitated by the presence of a pre-eruptive volatile phase in magma. The m odem magmas erupted more frequently and in a relatively passive manner, whi ch is consistent with the absence of textural or geochemical evidence for f luid saturation before eruption.