Rational therapy of male infertility

Causal treatment regimens of proven effectiveness in controlled studies are only available for cases of male infertility resulting from hypogonadotrop ic hypogonadism. Drug treatment of retrograde ejaculation is also effective but has so far not been tested in double-blind, placebo-controlled randomi zed studies. The results of immunosuppressive therapy in cases of immunolog ical male infertility are still controversial. In addition, antiphlogistic and antibiotic treatment of chronic male genital tract infections has not b een shown to improve male fertility. Inconsistent results have been obtaine d with empirical therapy - e.g., with kallikein, tamoxifen, clomiphene, pen toxifylline, mast cell blockers, testolacton, vitamin E, captopril, alpha r eceptor blockers, glutathione, indometacin, interferon alpha, growth hormon e, zinc sa Its, ketoprofen, mesterone or testosterone undecanoate - or the studies performed are not sufficient to allow a final judgement. Recent stu dies have indicated a possible impairment of sperm function by pure FSH, wh ile GnrH and FSH have no influence on spermatogenesis in normogonadotropic men.