The behavior of second-order circular-grating DFB lasers in the above-thres
hold regime are analyzed, The formulation uses the standing wave method for
treating lasers with second-order gratings. The effects of spontaneous emi
ssion and the variation of carrier and photon densities in the radial direc
tion are included in a self-consistent fashion in the model. In particular,
we examine the output power emitted from the surface of the laser, the nea
r-field, and the far-field pattern of the laser as a function of the inject
ed current.