Treatment of superficial esophageal cancer by external radiation therapy alone: Results of a multi-institutional experience

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness and toxicity of external radiation the rapy for superficial esophageal cancer. Methods and Materials: During the period from March 1979 to November 1996, 78 patients with superficial esophageal cancer received radiation therapy w ithout intracavitary irradiation at nine radiotherapy institutions in Japan . All patients had histologically-proven squamous cell carcinoma. Endoscopi c ultrasonography was performed in 34 patients to discriminate mucosal from submucosal cancer. Most of the patients had received radiation therapy usi ng conventional fractionation at an average dose of 65.5 Gy. Results: The survival rates at 1, 2, and 5 years were 88%, 73%, and 45%, re spectively. The local control rates at 1, 2, and 5 years were 85%, 79%, and 66%, respectively. Although the difference was not significant, the surviv al rate of cancer patients with a tumor invading the submucosa was lower th an that of the other patients. In 6 mucosal cancer patients, local recurren ce was observed in 1 patient with extensive cancer. Regional lymph node rec urrence and distant failure were not observed in mucosal cancer patients, w hile in 28 submucosal cancer patients, the 5-year survival rate and relapse free rate were only 49% and 43%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analysis identified age as the only significant prognostic factor. Severe late injury, such as esophageal ulcer, perforation, and bleeding, was not o bserved. Conclusion: External radiation therapy is effective for mucosal cancer. How ever, further investigation is needed to establish a better standard treatm ent protocol for submucosal cancer. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc.