Allele frequencies of six short tandem repeat (STR) loci were determined in
a Caucasian urban sample of La Plata city and three Amerindian sample popu
lations of Argentina. Allele frequencies showed differences between urbans
and Amerindians, and among Amerindians as well. The degree of genetic diffe
rentiation of subpopulations was mainly due to the Amerindian contribution.
Mapuche, Mocovi, and pooled Amerindian populations showed little evidence
of HW disequilibrium, and association of alleles. In the urban sample, ther
e is no evidence of population substructuring. Forensic probabilities of ex
clusion and matching showed high differences between the population soups.
Finally, La Plata sample did not show differences with Caucasians from othe
r geographic regions.