Percutaneous transmyocardial intracardiac retroperfusion shunts: Technicalfeasibility in a canine model

PURPOSE: To test the technical feasibility of creating a left ventricle to coronary sinus shunt using endovascular techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By means of a right jugular vein approach, a needle puncture was made from the coronary sinus to the left ventricle in 10 dogs. The tracts were balloon dilated and lined with 6-mm Wallstents, Shunt pate ncies, immediate and 4-hours later, were fluoroscopically assessed by contr ast material injection into the left ventricle, Blood pressure, pulse, oxyg en saturation, and cardiac rhythm were monitored. The dogs were then euthan ized, Thoracic cavities and hearts were dissected and inspected. RESULTS: Technical success and immediate shunt patency were 100%. No cardia c dysrhythmias, electrocardiographic changes, or reduction in voltage poten tial were seen. Eight (80%) of the shunts were patent at 4 hours, one (10%) had thrombosed, and one dog died. Nine (90%) dogs had no pericardial hemat oma and one (10%) had minimal pericardial blood from needle passes into the pericardial sac, The coronary sinuses were intact and no injuries to the v alve leaflets or chordae tendineae were seen. The puncture sites were from the coronary sinus, 1-2 mm (mean, 1.3) from its auricular orifice, into the left ventricle, just below the inferior margin of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve. One dog died at 3 hours with no preceding electrocardiog raphic evidence of impending demise. Autopsy showed no pericardial hematoma and the heart findings were no different from the other nine dogs. CONCLUSIONS: Creation of a left ventricle to coronary sinus shunt with use of endovascular techniques is technically feasible, Study of a transmyocard ial intracardiac coronary retroperfusion shunt to deliver oxygenated blood to the ischemic myocardium is warranted.