Enhanced measles surveillance during an interepidemic period in Victoria

Objective: To describe results of the first two years of enhanced measles s urveillance in Victoria. Design: Case series identified through enhanced measles surveillance. Participants and setting: All measles cases notified to the Disease Control Section, Department of Human Services, Victoria, in 1997 and 1998, Main outcome measures: Proportion of notified cases laboratory confirmed as measles, rubella, or human parvovirus infection; identification of cluster s (two or more linked cases of measles); and utility of the National Health and Medical Research Council clinical case definition for suspected measle s. Results: Rates of laboratory testing of notified cases improved after intro duction of a paediatric phlebotomy service in July 1997, from 21 of 90 noti fied patients (23%) in the preceding six months, to 258 of 317 notified pat ients (81%) between July 1997 and December 1998. Of the 317, only 19 (6%) w ere laboratory confirmed with measles, while a further 26 (8%) were laborat ory confirmed with human parvovirus infection (18) or rubella (8). Three cl usters of measles, involving 11 cases, were identified during 1998, Use of the NHMRC case definition did not greatly improve the positive predictive v alue for diagnosis of measles above that of notification alone (14% versus 8%), Conclusions: Circulation of measles virus in Victoria in 1997 and 1998 appe ared minimal. In this interepidemic period most notified cases of measles w ere not measles; to identify true cases, surveillance during an interepidem ic period must include laboratory testing of notified cases.