S. Wallis et al., The alpha isoform of protein kinase C is involved in signaling the response of desmosomes to wounding in cultured epithelial cells, MOL BIOL CE, 11(3), 2000, pp. 1077-1092
Initiation of reepithelialization upon wounding is still poorly understood.
To enhance this understanding, we focus here on changes in the adhesive st
ate of desmosomes of cultured Madin-Darby canine kidney cells in response t
o wounding of confluent cell sheets. Previous results show that desmosomal
adhesion in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells changes from a calcium-dependen
t state to calcium independence in confluent cell sheets. We show that this
change, which requires culture confluence to develop, is rapidly reversed
upon wounding of confluent cell sheets. Moreover, the change to calcium dep
endence in wound edge cells is propagated to cells hundreds of micrometers
away from the wound edge. Rapid transition from calcium independence to cal
cium dependence also occurs when cells are treated with phorbol esters that
activate PKC. PKC inhibitors, including the conventional isoform inhibitor
Go6976, cause rapid transition from calcium dependence to calcium independ
ence, even in subconfluent cells. The cellular location of the a isoform of
PKC correlates with the calcium dependence of desmosomes. Upon monolayer w
ounding, PKC alpha translocates rapidly to the cell periphery, becomes Trit
on X-100 insoluble, and also becomes concentrated in lamellipodia. The PKC
alpha a translocation upon wounding precedes both the increase in PKC activ
ity in the membrane fraction and the reversion of desmosomes to calcium dep
endence. Specific depletion of PKC alpha with an antisense oligonucleotide
increases the number of cells with calcium-independent desmosomes. These re
sults show that PKC alpha participates in a novel signaling pathway that mo
dulates desmosomal adhesion in response to wounding.